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Uric Acid as a Biomarker for Mood Disorders: A Comparative Study of Blood Uric Acid Levels Correlating With the Symptom Severity and Treatment Response  Cureus

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[unable to retrieve full-text content] Efficacy and safety of aticaprant, a kappa receptor antagonist, adjunctive to oral SSRI/SNRI antidepressant in major depressive disorder: results of a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study    Nature.com

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[unable to retrieve full-text content] Ketogenic metabolic therapy in the remission of chronic major depressive disorder: a retrospective case study    Frontiers

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[unable to retrieve full-text content] Insights into self-evaluated stress, anxiety, and depression among dental students    Nature.com

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Diagnosis and management of bipolar disorders | The BMJ - The BMJ

Epidemiology Using DSM-IV criteria, the National Comorbidity Study replication6 found similar lifetime prevalence rates for BD-I (1.0%) and BD-II (1.1%) among men and women. Subthreshold symptoms of hypomania (bipolar spectrum disorder) were more common, with prevalence rate estimates of 2.4%.6 Incidence rates, which largely focus on BD-I, have been estimated at approximately 6.1 per 100 000 person years (95% confidence interval 4.7 to 8.1).8 Estimates of the incidence and lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder show moderate variations according to the method of diagnosis (performed by lay interviewers in a research context v clinically trained interviews) and the racial, ethnic, and demographic context.9 Higher income, westernized countries have slightly higher rates of bipolar disorder,10 which might reflect a combination of westernized centricity in the specific idioms used to understand and elicit symptoms, as well as a greater knowledge, acceptance, and conceptualization of emot...

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[unable to retrieve full-text content] Librarians Face a Crisis of Violence and Abuse    The New York Times

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[unable to retrieve full-text content] What It Really Feels Like to Live With Bipolar Disorder    Verywell Mind

Treatment-resistant bipolar depression | NDT - Dove Medical Press

Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness that impacts 1–2% of the population worldwide. 1 It causes high rates of functional impairment, 2 poor quality of life, and has substantial economic effects. 3 BD is characterized by episodes of depression and hypomania or mania, as well as subsyndromal symptoms that do not meet the full criteria for a mood episode, mostly of depressive nature and causing significant impairment. 4 Likewise, the most time spent ill is in the depressive state rather than hypomania or mania in both type I and type II BD. 5 It is not uncommon for patients to be refractory to treatments available for bipolar depression. 6 Most mood stabilizers used for BD carry modest side-effect burden, such as metabolic syndrome and weight gain, while second-generation atypical antipsychotics (SGAs) have an additional risk of tardive dyskinesia. Unimodal antidepressants often prescribed in 40–50% of cases (but not FDA approved for BD) pose a substan...

Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine) Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Dosages - Verywell Health

What Is Trileptal? Trileptal ( oxcarbazepine ) is a prescription oral anti-epilepsy drug (AED), also referred to as an anticonvulsant, used to prevent seizures in adults and children ages 2 and older with certain types of epilepsy. It is also used off-label for treating neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, and other conditions. This medication interacts with ion channels, which generally facilitate nerve cell activity in the brain and the nerves throughout the body. Oxcarbazepine stabilizes neuronal activity and prevents the overfiring of neurons, stopping the spread of seizure activity. Trileptal is available in tablet or oral suspension form. Oxcarbazepine is also available in an extended-release tablet formulation under the brand name Oxtellar XR. Drug Facts Generic Name : Oxcarbazepine Brand Name : Trileptal Drug Availability : Prescription Therapeutic Classification : Anticonvulsant Available Generically : Yes Controlled Substance : N/A Admini...

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Types, Techniques, Uses - Verywell Mind

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps people learn how to identify and change the destructive or disturbing thought patterns that have a negative influence on their behavior and emotions. Cognitive behavioral therapy combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy by identifying maladaptive patterns of thinking, emotional responses, or behaviors and replacing them with more desirable patterns. Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on changing the automatic negative thoughts that can contribute to and worsen our emotional difficulties, depression, and anxiety. These spontaneous negative thoughts also have a detrimental influence on our mood. Through CBT, faulty thoughts are identified, challenged, and replaced with more objective, realistic thoughts. Everything You Need to Know About CBT Types of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT encompasses a range of techniques and approaches that a...

Paranoid Personality Disorder Symptoms and Treatment - Verywell Mind

Paranoid personality disorder is a chronic and pervasive condition characterized by disruptive thought, behavior, and functioning patterns. People with paranoid personality disorder experience pervasive patterns of suspicion even though they have no reason to experience such distrust. This disorder is thought to affect between 1.21 to 4.4% of U.S. adults. Individuals with paranoid personality disorder are at a greater risk of experiencing depression, substance abuse, and agoraphobia. At a Glance People with paranoid personality disorder are so distrustful of others that it makes it hard to form relationships and function in daily life. Genetics are thought to play a major role in causing the condition, but difficult childhood experiences and trauma can also play a part. Due to the symptoms of the condition, treatment can be challenging. However, psychotherapy and sometimes medications can be helpful.  Symptoms of Paranoid Personality Disorder ...

Choosing Stability Over Mania: Managing Bipolar Disorder - Everyday Health

This story originally appeared on Everyday Health's network site bpHope.com. For many, choosing stability over mania can be daunting. It can be hard to think about adjusting to a new normal — because change is difficult, regardless of what it is — and easy to wonder what life will be like once the bursts of excitement and elation are traded for a steadier mood state. Allan W. (full name withheld for privacy) of Everett, Washington, was curious about that. He remembers adjusting to that new normal after he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. That's when he began his medication regime, and noticed colors appeared less vibrant and scents were lighter in comparison with what they were before. Although the transition was challenging, ultimately that faded away. "It was difficult to come to terms with the flatness," says Allan, an artist. "Everything was gray at first. It was a lot like depression, but it didn't have the same despair, th...

Why We Shouldn't Ignore Oversleeping - Psychology Today

Source: Deposit Photos In a world where so many of us are struggling to get enough sleep, the issue of sleeping too much might seem like a luxury problem. It’s actually not. Like insufficient sleep, oversleeping is a sign of disordered sleep. It may be connected to a mental health issue such as depression . It’s often a signal that a person is experiencing poor sleep quality, and it can be a sign of a clinical sleep disorder , including obstructive sleep apnea or narcolepsy. Sleeping too much is linked with many of the same health risks as sleeping too little, including heart disease, metabolic problems such as diabetes and obesity, and cognitive issues including difficulty with memory . Similar to people who sleep too little, people who sleep too much have higher overall mortality risks. We talk a lot about insufficient sleep, and the risks that a lack of sleep poses for physical health, mood, relationships , and performance. But oversleeping isn’t somet...

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[unable to retrieve full-text content] How the DSM-IV Multi-Axial System Works    Verywell Mind

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